Is Marketing Science or Arts Essay Example For Students

Is Marketing Science or Arts Essay Presentation The discussing question concerning promoting whether it is a type of science or workmanship has for some time been a dubious subject. Researchers in the course of recent decades have continually contended endeavoring to order and demonstrate the term promoting having a place into either the workmanship and science class. Advertising is inferred by which an item/administration begin, estimated, elevated and placed,distributed to individuals Who devour them. It includes loads Of arrangements, improvements. Sorting out and dynamic for all the four P(s) of showcasing. People groups general misguided judgment of the term promoting is that it is n masterful field whereby the job of advertisers is to be inventive, creative and along these lines concoct noteworthy activities and put their thoughts going from item adverts, trademarks, logos and mascots no matter how you look at it. What individuals neglect to acknowledge is that underneath all above, there lies the vital science that rotates the four crucial P(s) of advertising the item, value, place/conveyance technique that should be created lastly the advancement . The logical characterization for promoting is partitioned into a gathering of four components extending from common sense, information based, scholastic based just as scholarly needs. This article will concentrate on some of key components to contend the point that while promoting as an action will in general include imaginative undertakings requiring innovativeness with respect to advertisers, the center of showcasing itself as a topic is that its especially grounded in the standards of sociology, similar to brain science, for instance. Conversation Marketing Is Science: before, scholastics like Avail (1949). Barrels (1951), Hutchinson (1952) and Bezel (1963) have firmly attested that promoting is a type of a workmanship because of the intricacy of commercial center practices was difficult to be planned dependent on harries. Profit (1949) accepts that advancement, innovativeness with styles and instinctive feel is the thing that interests to customers for a specific item or administration. Despite what might be expected, we have another gathering of scholastics that remains on the opposite side contending that advertising is without a doubt science, individuals like Converse (1945), Brown (1948), Alderman and Cox (1948), Kettle (1972) and Hunt (1976). Cayman (1999) states that his major conviction of advertising is that isn't simply speculative chemistry or workmanship yet rather it is science since showcasing should be completed in agreement to business standards. It is a vital movement concentrating on an order and utilizing the correct devices to complete it Again, Cayman (1999) insists that advertisers whose spotlight is only founded on inventiveness will undoubtedly have a lot of thoughts yet not with regards to deals. It is positively verifiable that advertising occupations requires some aesthetic aspects to pull in buyers to their items or administrations in the vein Of inventive wonderfulness, mottos, structure and bundling yet these creative components don't simply show up out of nowhere yet from methodological progression Of studies be it conduct science or business territories just as human science Sutton and Klein (2003) claims that advertisers are businessman and their job isn't only comprising of being innovatively in vogue. It is in this manner an advertisers responsibility to contribute scholarly exploration and procedure control to the endeavor promoting the board. Advertisers must have theory of promoting trusts as opposed to showcasing desires to accomplish dependent on a logical approach and embarking to test it. The basic advertising disappointments are because of the inadequacy of advertisers to apply information on their customers to situate their brands, powerlessness to successfully showcase their brands finished customary media in addition to inability to make vital client forms because of lacking of culture and association data for brand the executives. Arrant (1985) in his own words cited that Even a quick scrutiny of insightful articles in promoting diaries will undoubtedly affirm predominant status of coherent observation. He at that point additionally qualified that with legitimate assets, for example, innovation and right instruments, advertisers would have the option to create and progressively down to business way to comprehend any showcasing issues. The graph above further shows Arrant logical promoting hypothesis by viding four components (abstract, Objective, agreement and strife) containing four models (sensible empiricist, sociopolitical, emotional world and freedom). Promoting Institutes and Association Generally, science is delegated a technique by which researchers and scholastics dare to raise an exact, predictable and sensible portrayal or translation of a specific subject. Science likewise includes exact exploration or in any case information, particularly increased through understanding. Alluding back to the achievements of promoting advancement, The American Marketing Association, an expert relationship for people and organizations depended related with advertising was established in 1937 and situated in North America. The foundation of AMA was brought about a merger of National Association of Marketing Teachers (MAT) and American Marketing Society (AMASS). Mothers site (2004) endorsed and characterized the job of advertising as a linkage among purchasers and venders through a progression of data which is utilized to distinguish and characterize the showcasing possibilities and issues from creating, refining and assessing promoting activities to observing promoting execution just as improving the comprehension of promoting as a procedure. Nonverbal correspondence EssayInevitably, this emphasis on advertising estimation not just kept Wichita large and in charge in business, yet in addition reliably put Wichita on Fortunes top 100 work environments list. Another association that vigorously underlines a culture of responsibility and insurability for promoting exercises is Frito Lay, where access to constant information because of its immediate store conveyance model makes the organization ready to react rapidly with the impacts Of showcasing activities. Estimation Of advertising sway isn't only the activity of the promoting office yet additionally has saturated to the upper degrees Of this associations the executives (Thomas, Woodard Reportable 2008). Promoting Anthropology and Sociology Marketing scholastics have given their experiences of their individual hypotheses with regards to showcasing and its co-connection to sociology, Kaplan (1964) characterizes hypothesis as an arrangement of laws whereby the laws are altered into a deliberate relationship between's each other. Unmistakably since showcasing as a science concerns exchanges among purchaser and vender which occurs in a social world, promoting is really a sociology. Indeed, it can he said that both promoting researchers and chiefs essentially study human conduct (Zinnias Hierarchies, 1992). With regards to promoting human sciences, there are different approaches to sort research network which fundamentally alludes to the purchasers and clients (Peter and Olson 19831 Organizations need to mull over what potential clients are looking for so as to oblige advertise the items or administrations. In this way, so as to accomplish this, it will include different numerical displaying, search and overviews on socioeconomics, geological elements and client practices. As indicated by Dowling (2004), it is a mind boggling procedure to comprehend the brain science behind the inspiration of shoppers buying choices. In this way it is significant to fabricate a key examination procedure to contemplate the social study of customers which are speculations, auxiliary systems, key suggestions and market-detecting standards. As of now it very well may be seen that in the sub-territories of promoting, for example, buyer conduct, deals the board and channel conduct, showcasing has just developed from inventive examination to one full of speculations and an assortment of issue articulations requiring assessment and tests (Anderson 1983). As ahead of schedule as asses, Barrels (1951) has inferred that for promoting to turn into an appropriate science, needs to develop from an absolutely business-world apparatus to one that has various fundamental evident standards or speculations. This development from business to science must he mutually took a shot at by the two advertisers and social researchers, the previous to figure essential theories dependent on their certifiable encounters and the last to invalidate or bolster the speculations by method of experimentation and perception. As a matter of fact, advertising has far to go before it very well may be perceived as a completely fledged sociology discipline. When contrasted with progressively settled sociologies, similar to financial aspects, for instance, advertising despite everything conveys the recognition that it is a subject that doesn't organize the guideline of information obtaining or the drive to improve human culture. Sadly, many despite everything consider advertising to be satisfying the requirements Of just a particular fragment Of society; name the business area (Anderson 1983). On a positive note, Hunt (1383) hypothesized that showcasing is advancing in this back on a decent pace. He recorded 4 arrangements Of showcasing essentials that should be logically clarified: 1. Purchaser conduct 2. Merchant conduct 3. Institutional systems which encourage purchaser merchant trades 4. The results of 1-3 on society as a rule With progress being made on in any event 3 of the 4 basics appeared above, he is certain that given adequate time and exertion, as other perceived sociologies, showcasing would one day have its own attempted, demonstrated and testable general speculations. Decision Marketing as a science may not be as built up or develop in contrast with Other sociologies, for example, brain science however it is additionally not an absolutely aesthetic topic. The continuous contention in regards to promoting being workmanship or science is likely one that Will not be finished up at any point in the near future yet plainly genuine endeavors have been made are as yet being made to build up the crucial principles and quantifiable speculations and theories to push advertising up the scienti

Glass in Architecture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Glass in Architecture - Term Paper Example The fundamental focal point of this paper will be on the design utilization of glass in development of structures and segments of structures. Glass comes in different structures and types. They change from look, weight, surface and shading among different perspectives and in this paper we will look further and further into the kinds of glasses and their properties concentrating for the most part on three sorts of glass specifically; glide glass, treated glass and covered glass. The paper will likewise hope to find the ramifications of every single kind of glass, referenced above with connection to its structure of plan in a compositional perspective. Qualities and conduct of each sort of glass will likewise be assessed, and its belongings in development discussed1. Buoy glass is a sort of glass that is produced or made by gliding fluid structure glass on liquid metal still in its fluid structure explicitly the tin metal which is for the most part utilized, and afterward permitting the glass to cool and solidify. Tin is regularly picked in light of its concoction capacity to retain liquid glass in its fluid structure and permits it to cool where it keeps up the smooth fluid surface of the glass, after its solidifying and leaves no space for a coarse inclination when the glass dries. Generally, glass was made by blowing liquid glass or the fluid type of glass and afterward laying it on a level surface when still hot and fluid before it has arrived at the cooling temperature. This has since changed, and the procedure has become a lot simpler contrasted with the customary one. From the skimming procedure, the outcome is a level, smooth and an even sheet of glass which can be made into thick or meager level sheets and furthermore in various sizes, w hich can be, further resized into little sheets relying upon the reason for which the glass was shaped to serve. Buoy glass is normally produced using a combination of lime and pop, and the procedure for making this sort of glass is otherwise called the Pilkington procedure. This kind of glass is for the most part utilized for making window sheets, a

Wellbutrin Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, Treatment

Wellbutrin Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, Treatment Depression Treatment Medication Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Wellbutrin Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 19, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 17, 2019 More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Symptoms Coping Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Wellbutrin (bupropion) is a common antidepressant. Over the past few decades, it has helped millions of people claw their way out of depression. It is also used to help people quit smoking. While this drug has a variety of potential benefits, like all antidepressants, it doesn’t work for everyone. If you are considering stopping Wellbutrin, either because it isn’t working or because it worked and you feel better, you will want to know what to expect. This article will give you a good overview of what Wellbutrin withdrawal is like and how long it will last. Overview Antidepressants are among the top three most commonly prescribed medications in the United States.?? Some people take them for a few weeks or months, whereas others take them for years. About one in four people on antidepressants have been taking them for 10 or more years.?? Once they find an antidepressant that works for them, many people continue taking it indefinitely. This is particularly true when the antidepressant causes no significant side effects. Still, people go on and off antidepressants all the time. Antidepressants are an unusual class of drugs because not every drug works for every person. It takes some people several tries before they find a medication that works for them. You may also be choosing to stop your Wellbutrin dose because you feel stable and ready to live without it. Other reasons for stopping include having successfully quit smoking. You may have heard about something called antidepressant discontinuation syndromeâ€"which is basically a fancy way of saying antidepressant withdrawal. This is more common with antidepressants that affect a neurotransmitter called serotonin.?? Wellbutrin does not have a major effect on serotonin. As a result, the withdrawal symptoms are typically mild, or, more often, undetectable. It is not common to experience Wellbutrin withdrawal symptoms, but those who do may become agitated and irritable. If you recently quit smoking, you may find your nicotine cravings return. Signs and Symptoms Most people do not experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking Wellbutrin. Among those who do, the symptoms range in severity from mild to moderate. However, if you are quitting Wellbutrin and a more common class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), your symptoms may be more severe.?? Many people take Wellbutrin as part of an “antidepressant cocktail.” Research has indicated that Wellbutrin may work to boost the effects of other antidepressants. Doctors often prescribe it in conjunction with SSRIs.?? Antidepressants affect the levels of certain neurotransmitters in your brain. Neurotransmitters are like your body’s chemical messengers. They help nerve cells communicate and are involved in managing many of the complex functions your body performs, like eating and sleeping. They also play a role in your emotions and moods. Most of the modern antidepressants out there affect a neurotransmitter called serotonin.  Serotonin plays an important role in mood stabilization. Although the exact causes of depression are unknown, doctors believe that low levels of serotonin are a contributing factor. SSRIs, like Prozac and Lexapro, increase your serotonin levels. But when you abruptly stop taking these drugs, it can be a real shock to the system. As the body adjusts to lower serotonin levels, it is not uncommon to experience withdrawal symptoms. Because serotonin plays an important role in so many of your body’s systems, withdrawal symptoms can be quite varied. If you are quitting an SSRI, you may experience:   Sweating: You may become flushed and sweat excessively, especially in the heat.Digestive problems: Serotonin plays a major role in the digestive system, so people often experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite.Trouble sleeping: You may have difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep. You may also experience unusual dreams or nightmares.Neurological effects: You may experience tremors, restless legs, numbness, or difficulty walking.Psychological symptoms: You may experience mood swings, agitation, anxiety, mania, or depression.Brain zaps: This is a strange phenomenon that feels like a shock to your head. It is also described as a brain shake or shiver. Wellbutrin works differently than other antidepressants because it affects the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Unless you are also withdrawing from an SSRI, it is unlikely that you will experience any of the serotonin-related symptoms described above. There are very few published cases of Wellbutrin withdrawal in the scientific literature. However, according to Dr. Joseph Glenmullen, author of The Antidepressant Solution, irritability is a common symptom. In Glenmullen’s experience, patients quitting Wellbutrin often resemble patients quitting smoking. This includes a state of extreme agitation as well as uncharacteristically hostile, rude, or aggressive behavior. If you were using Wellbutrin to quit smoking, it is also possible that your nicotine cravings may return when you stop taking the drug. Fortunately, these cravings should be mild compared to what you have experienced in the past. The Chemistry of Depression Coping and Relief If you have a mental illness like depression or bipolar disorder, it is important to stay in contact with a doctor or therapist whenever you adjust your medications. Talking to a therapist can help you cope with challenges such as mood swings, agitation, and feelings of hopelessness. If you were taking Wellbutrin to quit smoking, you may want to keep a nicotine patch or some nicotine gum on hand. This will help reduce potential nicotine cravings and any associated agitation. Warnings Although Wellbutrin isn’t typically associated with withdrawal symptoms, like all antidepressants, it does come with a serious FDA warning about its association with suicidal ideation in children, teens, and young adults.?? Particular caution should be used when altering your dose. Suicidal feelings are more common among children and young adults age 24 and under, but they can happen to anyone. When to Get Help You should seek emergency medical care if you or someone you know is experiencing any of the following:Thoughts of harming or killing yourselfThoughts about how you would kill yourselfSevere restlessness or abnormal excitementFrenzied behaviorActing without thinkingExtreme worry or agitationPanic attacks The risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors is small, but it does happen to some people. Before you stop taking Wellbutrin, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. If you decide to stop your dose, a short taper may be the best way to go. Long-Term Treatment The safest way to stop taking antidepressants is to slowly taper down your dose. Wellbutrin tapering schedules are usually fairly short. Working with your doctor, you can make a schedule to incrementally reduce your dose over the course of one or two weeks. After your Wellbutrin taper, any long-term treatment will be directed towards treating the condition that led you to take Wellbutrin in the first place. If you are struggling with depression, your doctor may want to switch you to an SSRI that you haven’t tried before or suggest other options. It can take several tries before you find the right medication or combination of medications. Keep in mind, there is no single pill out there that is going to “fix” you. Depression is a complex disease that requires a multi-pronged treatment approach. Medication can only do so much on its own. Psychotherapy may be an important part of your recovery from depression. Scientific research has concluded that a combination of psychotherapy and medication works better for depression and anxiety than medication alone. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is a long-term process in which you work to better understand yourself. You will explore the reasons why you do the things you do and feel the way you feel. Together with a qualified therapist, you will learn how to work towards the life you want by reforming the unhealthy patterns standing in your way.     Resources If you or someone you love is experiencing suicidal thoughts, you can always reach out to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-8255). You will be connected with staff or volunteers at a crisis center near you. The people on the other end of the line can help you calm down and figure out what to do next. Therapy is a very important part of depression treatment. If you don’t have a therapist or don’t wish to continue with your current therapist, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) can help you find a new one. Check out their searchable directory of qualified providers. You can also call them at 1-800-662-HELP (4357). If you have health insurance, another way to find a therapist is to search your insurance plan’s website. Typically, insurance companies have a list of local providers who accept your insurance. Tips for Coping With Depression and Suicidal Thoughts A Word From Verywell Depression is a stubborn disease. It can feel like you are stuck in a long dark tunnel with no end in sight, but you can’t let that feeling overwhelm you. This particular tunnel is curvyâ€"you just can’t see the way out yet. Just keep moving forward and try not to lose hope when you bump into walls and trip over your own feet. If Wellbutrin didn’t work, work with your doctor to try and find a different medication or combination of medications that might be more effective. And if you are not in psychotherapy, find a therapist in the directory and schedule some appointments. After some time, things will likely feel more hopeful.

How Does the Value of the U.S. Dollar Impact Canada

The value of the U.S. dollar impacts the economy of Canada through a number of means, including its imports, exports, and local and foreign businesses, which in turn affects average Canadian citizens and their spending habits. Generally speaking, a rise in the value of one currency hurts exporters as it raises the costs of their goods in foreign countries, but it also provides added benefit to importers as the cost of foreign goods declines. Therefore, all else being equal, a rise in the value of a currency will cause imports to rise and exports to fall. Imagine the world where the Canadian Dollar is worth 50 cents American, then one day theres a flurry of trading on Foreign Exchange (Forex) markets, and when the market stabilizes, a Canadian Dollar is selling at par with a U.S. Dollar. First, consider what happens to Canadian companies exporting to the United States. Exports Fall When Currency Exchange Rates Increase Suppose a Canadian manufacturer sells hockey sticks to retailers for the price of $10 Canadian each. Before the currency change, it would cost American retailers $5 each per stick, since one American dollar is worth two American ones, but after the American dollar falls in value, American companies have to pay $10 U.S. dollars to purchase a stick, doubling the price for those companies. When the price of any good goes up, we should expect the quantity demanded to fall, thus the Canadian manufacturer will likely not make as many sales; however, note that Canadian companies are still receiving the $10 Canadian per sale that they did before, but theyre now making fewer sales, which means their profits are probably only marginally impacted. What if, however, the Canadian manufacturer originally priced his sticks at $5 American? It is pretty common for Canadian companies to price their goods in U.S. Dollars if they export many goods to the United States. In that case, before the currency change the Canadian company was getting $5 U.S. from the American company, taking it to the bank, and getting $10 Canadian in return, meaning they would only be receiving half as much income as they had before. In either of these scenarios, we see that — all else being equal — a rise in the value of the Canadian Dollar (or alternative a fall in the value of the U.S. Dollar), causes reduced sales for the Canadian manufacturer (bad), or reduced revenue per sale (also bad). Imports Rise When Currency Exchange Rates Increase The story is quite the opposite for Canadians who import goods from the United States. In this scenario, a Canadian retailer who is importing baseball bats from a U.S. company before the increased exchange rate for $20 American Dollars is spending $40 Canadian to purchase these bats. However, when the exchange rate goes to par, $20 American is the same as $20 Canadian. Now Canadian retailers can purchase U.S. goods for half the price they were previously.​Â  The exchange rate goes to par, $20 American is the same as $20 Canadian. Now Canadian retailers can purchase U.S. goods for half the price they were previously. This is great news for Canadian retailers, as well as Canadian consumers, as some of the savings are likely to be passed onto the consumer. Its also good news for American manufacturers, as now Canadian retailers are likely to buy more of their goods, so they will make more sales, while still getting the same $20 American per sale as they were receiving before.

Medical Schools in California

Deception Point Page 91 Free Essays

Rachel stood in silence as the Bathynomous pages rolled out of the printer. She tried to tell herself this was all an honest NASA mistake, but she knew it was not. People who made honest mistakes didn’t try to kill people. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 91 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The nasal voice of Corky echoed suddenly across the lab. â€Å"Impossible!† Both Tolland and Rachel turned. â€Å"Measure the damn ratio again! It makes no sense!† Xavia came hurrying in with a computer printout clutched in her hand. Her face was ashen. â€Å"Mike, I don’t know how to say this†¦ † Her voice cracked. â€Å"The titanium/zirconium ratios we’re seeing in this sample?† She cleared her throat. â€Å"It’s pretty obvious that NASA made a huge mistake. Their meteorite is an ocean rock.† Tolland and Rachel looked at each other but neither spoke a word. They knew. Just like that, all the suspicions and doubts had swelled up like the crest of a wave, reaching the breaking point. Tolland nodded, a sadness in his eyes. â€Å"Yeah. Thanks, Xavia.† â€Å"But I don’t understand,† Xavia said. â€Å"The fusion crust†¦ the location in the ice-â€Å" â€Å"We’ll explain on the way to shore,† Tolland said. â€Å"We’re leaving.† Quickly, Rachel collected all the papers and evidence they now had. The evidence was shockingly conclusive: the GPR printout showing the insertion shaft in the Milne Ice Shelf; photos of a living sea louse resembling NASA’s fossil; Dr. Pollock’s article on ocean chondrules; and microprobe data showing ultradepleted zirconium in the meteorite. The conclusion was undeniable. Fraud. Tolland looked at the stack of papers in Rachel’s hands and heaved a melancholy sigh. â€Å"Well, I’d say William Pickering has his proof.† Rachel nodded, again wondering why Pickering had not answered his phone. Tolland lifted the receiver of a nearby phone, holding it out for her. â€Å"You want to try him again from here?† â€Å"No, let’s get moving. I’ll try to contact him from the chopper.† Rachel had already decided if she could not make contact with Pickering, she’d have the Coast Guard fly them directly to the NRO, only about 180 miles. Tolland began to hang up the phone, but he paused. Looking confused, he listened to the receiver, frowning. â€Å"Bizarre. No dial tone.† â€Å"What do you mean?† Rachel said, wary now. â€Å"Weird,† Tolland said. â€Å"Direct COMSAT lines never lose carrier-â€Å" â€Å"Mr. Tolland?† The Coast Guard pilot came rushing into the lab, his face white. â€Å"What is it?† Rachel demanded. â€Å"Is someone coming?† â€Å"That’s the problem,† the pilot said. â€Å"I don’t know. All onboard radar and communications have just gone dead.† Rachel stuffed the papers deep inside her shirt. â€Å"Get in the helicopter. We’re leaving. NOW!† 109 Gabrielle’s heart was racing as she crossed the darkened office of Senator Sexton. The room was as expansive as it was elegant-ornate wood-paneled walls, oil paintings, Persian carpets, leather rivet chairs, and a gargantuan mahogany desk. The room was lit only by the eerie neon glow of Sexton’s computer screen. Gabrielle moved toward his desk. Senator Sexton had embraced the â€Å"digital office† to maniacal proportions, eschewing the overflow of file cabinets for the compact, searchable simplicity of his personal computer, into which he fed enormous amounts of information-digitized meeting notes, scanned articles, speeches, brainstorms. Sexton’s computer was his sacred ground, and he kept his office locked at all times to protect it. He even refused to connect to the Internet for fear of hackers infiltrating his sacred digital vault. A year ago Gabrielle would never have believed any politician would be stupid enough to store copies of self-incriminating documents, but Washington had taught her a lot. Information is power. Gabrielle had been amazed to learn that a common practice among politicians who accepted questionable campaign contributions was to keep actual proof of those donations-letters, bank records, receipts, logs-all hidden away in a safe place. This counterblackmail tactic, euphemistically known in Washington as â€Å"Siamese insurance,† protected candidates from donors who felt their generosity somehow authorized them to assert undue political pressure on a candidate. If a contributor got too demanding, the candidate could simply produce evidence of the illegal donation and remind the donor that both parties had broken the law. The evidence ensured that candidates and donors were joined at the hip forever-like Siamese twins. Gabrielle slipped behind the senator’s desk and sat down. She took a deep breath, looking at his computer. If the senator is accepting SFF bribes, any evidence would be in here. Sexton’s computer screensaver was an ongoing slideshow of the White House and its grounds created for him by one of his gung-ho staffers who was big into visualization and positive thinking. Around the images crawled a ticker-tape banner that read: President of the United States Sedgewick Sexton†¦ President of the United States Sedgewick Sexton†¦ President of the†¦ Gabrielle jostled the mouse, and a security dialogue box came up. Enter Password:_ She expected this. It would not be a problem. Last week, Gabrielle had entered Sexton’s office just as the senator was sitting down and logging onto his computer. She saw him type three short keystrokes in rapid succession. â€Å"That’s a password?† she challenged from the doorway as she walked in. Sexton glanced up. â€Å"What?† â€Å"And here I thought you were concerned about security,† Gabrielle scolded good-naturedly. â€Å"Your password’s only three keys? I thought the tech guys told us all to use at least six.† â€Å"The tech guys are teenagers. They should try remembering six random letters when they’re over forty. Besides, the door has an alarm. Nobody can get in.† Gabrielle walked toward him, smiling. â€Å"What if someone slipped in while you’re in the loo?† â€Å"And tried every combination of passwords?† He gave a skeptical laugh. â€Å"I’m slow in the bathroom, but not that slow.† â€Å"Dinner at Davide says I can guess your password in ten seconds.† Sexton looked intrigued and amused. â€Å"You can’t afford Davide, Gabrielle.† â€Å"So you’re saying you’re chicken?† Sexton appeared almost sorry for her as he accepted the challenge. â€Å"Ten seconds?† He logged off and motioned for Gabrielle to sit down and give it a try. â€Å"You know I only order the saltimbocca at Davide. And that ain’t cheap.† She shrugged as she sat down. â€Å"It’s your money.† Enter Password:_ â€Å"Ten seconds,† Sexton reminded. Gabrielle had to laugh. She would need only two. Even from the doorway she could see that Sexton had entered his three-key password in very rapid succession using only his index finger. Obviously all the same key. Not wise. She could also see that his hand had been positioned over the far left side of his keyboard-cutting the possible alphabet down to only about nine letters. Choosing the letter was simple; Sexton had always loved the triple alliteration of his title. Senator Sedgewick Sexton. Never underestimate the ego of a politician. She typed SSS, and the screensaver evaporated. Sexton’s jaw hit the floor. That had been last week. Now, as Gabrielle faced his computer again, she was certain Sexton would not have taken time yet to figure out how to set up a different password. Why would he? He trusts me implicitly. She typed in SSS. Invalid Password – Access Denied Gabrielle stared in shock. Apparently she had overestimated her senator’s level of trust. 110 The attack came without warning. Low out of the southwest sky above the Goya, the lethal silhouette of a gunship helicopter bore down like a giant wasp. Rachel had no doubt what it was, or why it was here. How to cite Deception Point Page 91, Essay examples

Macbeth Sybolism Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Sybolism Essay Witchcraft is one of the main aspects of the of the play, Macbeth. To reveal this, forshadowing is used in the first part of the play. The three witches were predicting the fate of Macbeths and Banquos furtures. In addition predicting whether or not that Macbeth would be king, and that Banquos sons may play a part in the vision. Macbeth would be a fool to believe these wretched hags, they were only pretending to lead him on. It is hard to believe that Macbeth actually believed the witches in their predictions. In the middle of the play he felt like all of their predictions had come true. Then the witches predicted the Banquos son, Fleance, could become king. Macbeth had to take action, because he was destin to be king. Ambitious power and reaching the throne is more important to Macbeth than a friendship. The eight kings, which are the future kings of Banquos sons, represent how quickly death can come to one who is at the throne. Some lived briefly, such as King Duncan, who was murdered by Macbeth. Macbeth was undoubtly obsessed with becoming king, and with this obsession, he took King Duncans life. Lady Macbeth was just concerned for her husbands success, so she assisted Macbeth in the murder of King Duncan. She took care of every detail in the kings murder, but every detail drove her Macbeth holding the dagger reveals how brave, ambitious, and determined he was. He had to be the next to the throne, so he had to prevent any future kings from getting in his way. This gave him reason to kill his best friend, Banquo, which filled him with guilt and remorse for this action. He took on all of what was infront of him, and seems strong as a king. Then he proves he is human by having a breaking point, at the sight of The skeletons behind the three witches show how all their predictions broug ht death. It all most appears as if death is lurking around the three witches, it creeps behind them and even haunts them. They could also be posed as the ghost of the people that have been killed in battle by Macbeth, but in skeletal form it gives them a more warlike Blood is known to all of us to represent life, death and often injury. Throughout the play, the use of blood conveys a theme of death, murder and treason. When Macbeth sees the dagger floating in the air leading him to Duncans room and he sees on the blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, indicating that the knife has been visciously and violently stabbed into someone. Blood is mentioned often in the play by other characters also, and most times in reference to murder or treason. The animals used to portray foreshadowing in the play is greatly important, they also help with the developement of character and association. Shakespeare uses a cat as a spirit, as cats are significant to witches. A toad portrays the witches ugliness, as described earlier in the play. This all so shows that even with their ugliness, they do have foretelling knowledge. The animals used in association with the witches help charaterize the witches personallity and point of view. The use of the supernatural in Macbeth results quite well with the respect of the unknown. Without the witches, the ghost, the visions, and the apparitions, Macbeth would have been a dull and tiresome play. This ancient superstition of spirits enhanced the Bibliography:

Basic Hazardous Waste Management (Blackman, 2001) #2 Essay

Basic Hazardous Waste Management (Blackman, 2001) #2 Essay Basic Hazardous Waste Management (Blackman, 2001) #2 – Essay Example Infectious waste Infectious waste can also be termed as biomedical waste, which is unattended solid waste, with the power of causing transmittable diseases if uncovered pathogenic organisms of consistent virus and dosage through an open passage in the targeted host. For instance, cultures and stock of infectious agents are considered to be infectious waste with a specific hazard. This is because pathogenic organisms are at hand in great concentration in these materials. Examples of agents in this category include â€Å"specimen from medical and pathological laboratories, agents from pharmaceutical preparations and dissipates from release of biological and antibiotics† (Blackman, 2001). In â€Å"Blood and blood products† the main health hazards include â€Å"hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV† (Blackman, 2001). â€Å"Malaria, yellow fever, Colorado tick fever† are considered to be minor agents present in blood products. Blood samples used in diverse tests sh ould be handled more carefully, because they are also considered to be harmful, and can cause infectious diseases. Thus all blood and blood products considered to be waste should be treated as infectious even though test results may term them to be negative (Blackman, 2001). Pathological wastes include â€Å"tissue, organs, body parts, blood and body fluids† that are released during surgery and autopsy (Blackman, 2001). Pathological wastes from patients having infectious waste disease should be handled as harmful because of the chance that these wastes may contain harmful pathogens. Additionally, it is also important to handle pathological wastes as harmful, because they may contain unknown infection present in the patient or corpse being handled. Therefore, all pathological waste should be handled in the same manner regardless of the level of harm present. Proper measures should therefore, be undertaken when handling infectious waste. An adequate and reliable program should be developed to ensure medical staffs, and patients are protected from any form of harm generated by infectious waste. For instance all liquids infectious waste should be removed in sealed containers. Additionally, compaction infectious waste should be avoided. Prior to transportation of any infectious waste proper sterilization should be done. Proper guidelines should also be developed to ensure integrity is maintained (Blackman, 2001).ReferencesBlackman,W. (2001). Basic hazardous waste management. Arizona State University, CRC Press.

Tips on How to Celebrate the National Aviation Day

Tips on How to Celebrate the National Aviation Day National Aviation Day Celebration It is hard to deny an influence of aviation on our lives. This global industry touches everybody, starting from a little boy dreaming to become a pilot of an aircraft and ending with millions of people traveling by planes all over the World each single day. Therefore, even if we do not realize it, the air power is unimaginably important for habitants of the Earth in the 21th century. In the early going, Orville Wright paid a visit to the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory. Nowadays, that small center in Cleveland is famous as NASA's Glenn Research Center. Mention Celebration in Your Posts This day, the network users are welcome to put hashtags while posting photos to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Google+. Do not lose the chance to come into the spotlight on the official NASA website. Your photo could be selected. Tag the publications #NationalAviationDayNASA or #SpreadYourWings. Being curious, you would like to know the origin of this phrase. So, here is the truth: on August 19th , Greg Slover, a forward-minded pilot, "completes a mision at NASA's Langley Research Center, so to say, spreads his wings. The Origin of the Occasion President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first to announce the date of 19th August to be the National Aviation Day. Why this particular date? It was designed so on behalf of Orville Wrights birthday. In times gone by, the commercial activity was predominant, but at present NASA is developing a great range of gizmos. For example, have you ever heard of their special technology to reduce the emission and save the fuel? Get to know more and you will definitely be impressed. Actually, NASA does much every year to transform aviation, develop and improve the conditions. Look up NASA Aeronautics homepage or follow on Twitter @NASAaero check on the measures that are taken. The First Celebration Measures One of the aims was to promote the aviation among the citizens of the USA. All the federal buildings were directed to fly the national flag. This way, they gave praise to airspace workers. Be in Attendance of Local Science Museum Treat yourself to amazing exhibitions about aviation, get to know how the airplane functions and other interesting things. If you are interested in science, visit local research centers and learn more about space, physics, etc. What is more, in Norfolk, VA or San Francisco, CA, you are offered to pay a visit to special centers presenting NASA's Langley Research Center and Glenn Research Center, major NASA centers. Things to Do at Home One more great idea is to watch a classic aviation-themed movie. We advise you to choose Netflix or Red Box. Get some snacks as nachos, chips or whatever and take a rest with your family or friends. Also, you could try to build a plane. This homebuilt airplane kit is available and does not cost much. Outdoor Activities Introductory flight lesson is something you should not be afraid of. Take you courage and just do it. Recharge your batteries experiencing freedom of flying. Additional reward will be the marvelous views, fresh air and unforgettable memories. Tell about your experience in networks, share the feeling and tag it with #NationalAviationDay. Professionals all over the Planet are making everything possible and impossible to make our wishes come into reality. Twenty years ago, interplanetary flights seemed to be a real magic even in science-fiction film. Nowadays, we are lucky to live in the era of wonders while more and more of them are predicted by future scientific discoveries. Why not to celebrate the breakthrough in science and herculean task of aerospace workers but for whom our reality would not be as splendid and superb. You have just read the list of our favorite suggestion. Follow them and enjoy the National Aviation Day!

Coastal engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coastal engineering - Assignment Example This has brought about constant developments and maintenance of the coastal zone to guard against flooding, erosion, and sediment transport. Waves have a major influence on the marine environment and ultimately on the planets climate. Waves travel effortlessly along the waters surface. This is made possible by small movements of the water molecules. The wind blows over the water, changing its surface into ripples and waves. As waves grow in height, the wind pushes them along faster and higher. Waves can become unexpectedly strong and destructive. As waves enter shallow water, they become taller and slow down, eventually breaking on the shore.   Waves have crests (the peak of the wave) and troughs (the lowest point on the wave). The wavelength, or horizontal size of the wave, is determined by the horizontal distance between two crests or two troughs. The vertical size of the wave is determined by the vertical distance between the two. Waves travel in groups called wave trains. Waves vary in size and strength based on wind speed and friction on the water’s. The small wave trains created by a boat’s movement on the water are called wake. High winds and storms can generate large groups of wave trains with enormous energy. Undersea earthquakes or other sharp motions in the seafloor can sometimes generate enormous waves, called tsunamis (inappropriately known as tidal waves) that can devastate entire coastlines. Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves in the open ocean are called swells. In waves, it appears the water is moving forward, but only a small amount of water is actually moving. It is the wave’s energy that is moving and since water is a flexible medium for energy transfer, it looks like the water itself is moving. In the open ocean, the friction moving the waves generates energy within the water. This energy is then passed between water molecules in ripples

Marketing In the New Age of Information Technology Essay

Marketing In the New Age of Information Technology - Essay Example The total concept of marketing - branding and promotion, customer segmentation and product positioning has become a totally different ball game in the new technology scenario. As an example of the change, in 2004, six out of the 10 hotel web-site hits came through the use of an online search engine; this makes search engine optimization and pay-per-click advertising key to the successful marketing of a hotel (FHRAI). "Increasing occupancy rates and revenue by improving customer experience is the aim of modern hospitality organizations. To achieve these results, hotel managers need to have a deep knowledge of customers' needs, behaviour, and preferences and be aware of the ways in which the services delivered create value for the customers and then stimulate their retention and loyalty" (Minghetti, 2003). Almost every organization is considering customer relationship management (CRM) as the new paradigm in marketing, where the customer, and not the process, is at the heart of the marketing initiative (Grnroos, 1994). However, a more fundamental question that needs to be answered is: to what extent are developments within Information and Communications Technology (ICT) changing how marketing is or can be done This paper attempts to answer this question. T The customer needs the service or product to be provided on time, appropriately and at a fair price; the traditional 4P's (McCarthy, 1978). While information technology is of tremendous use has placed capability in the hands of the marketer it has also given marvelous tools to the customers through which they can evaluate the products available, compare features and price and make a decision that is purely individual and difficult to influence by traditional methods. The first priority, then, obviously is to be on the information grid (Internet) and look for ways to improve customer value through a competitive edge. The market segmentation has thus come down to a 'segment of one' and the emergence of one-to-one marketing strategies (Berry, 1994). But is this all Is it enough to be an effective marketing organization Understanding the customer and the best way to communicate and build profit is at the heart of all marketing efforts. Enhanced customer satisfaction and retention lead to increased customer loyalty, occupancy rates and revenue per available customer (Dub & Renaghan, 1999a, 1999b). "Managing customer value by creating quality and service that customers can see now is considered a critical component of companies' strategic marketing. Customer value is what builds loyalty" (ibid, p. 79). However, most hotels use information technology only for administrative purposes and have not realised the full possibilities for generating customer value (Minghetti, 2003). The effects of ICT on marketing are not only potentially dramatic they can be catastrophic to managers who choose to ignore the new technology. Marketing is increasingly becoming reliant on understanding and knowing about new concepts and skills that have become essential to stay ahead in the modern marketplace - or marketspace! The customer expects to be able to access a virtual audio-visual tour that give them the complete feel of the facility before deciding where to holiday. Face-to-face marketing, using ICT to provide

The Influence Of Media Violence On The Youth Media Essay

The Influence Of Media Violence On The Youth Media Essay Aggression in the media has been under a lot of scrutiny in recent times. It has resurfaced as the pinnacle of countless debates among politicians, parents and educators despite the fact that it is a current trend. The youth are increasingly becoming more hostile. This is in directly mirrored to violence becoming further prominent amid adults. Parents and educators continue to stress that the damage violent media inflicts on children will carry on into adulthood. Various studies have confirmed that violent media moulds the youth into violent adults. The issue is not as simple as just putting a stop to violence. The media distributors should end mass producing and distributing violence to children in the name of entertainment. Unless executives at television, music, and video game companies discontinue this mass production of violence, this appalling tendency of violent children resolves to carry on. Research on violent television and films, video games, and music reveals unambiguous evidence that media violence elevates the possibility of aggressive and violent conduct in both immediate and long-term contexts. The sound effects emerge larger for milder than for more severe forms of aggression, but the effects on severe forms of violence are also imperative when compared other violence risk factors effects.Young people have a tendency to be without doubt influenced by media for a diversity of reasons. Children discover what is tolerable or intolerable through what the media portrays as opposed to what parents teach them.    Parents have seized to be the powerful prominent associate in a childs life. Children utilize the media personalities to model acceptable or rather offensive manners. Movies, music and video games display that it is acceptable to massacre or hurt others. Small children in fact, have difficulty differentiating between reality and fantasy. Putting that into consideration, we realise that the mass media fails to consider that a small child cannot figure out the ramifications of being wounded during a violent act; it actually hurts and one may not survive. Children brought into emergency amenities for treatment from these media propelled accidents are inclined to articulate with astonishment that their injuries truly hurt. Dramatic Television and Movies have exposure to violent behavior. On film or television tends to amplify aggressive behavior in the short term. Youths who look at violent scenes afterward demonstrate more aggressive conduct, mind-set, and emotions than those who do not. In the distinctive investigational model, researchers indiscriminately allocate youths to see either a short violent or a short nonviolent film, and then observe how they interact with other people after viewing the film. Both physical and verbal aggression toward others may be assessed. The time period for testing the effects is short-from a few minutes to a few days after seeing the film-and normally there is no effort to test for permanent effects of the single revelation. With older teenagers and university students, physical aggression has often been considered by the enthusiasm of participants to impose an electric shock or a loud aversive noise on a peer. The participants are usually given a frail justification for harming the other person. Studies have shown that the introduction of the television which happened at different times in all communities has taken advantage of this disparity in timing to study TVs effects on aggression within a society. Time-series analysis done using aggregated data on offense and media viewing to examine the effect of the introduction of TV on violence in the United States, Canada, and South Africa (where television came on the scene only recently), comparing crime rates prior to and subsequent to the introduction of television. He concluded that the introduction of television, joint with recurrent depiction of violent acts, increases interpersonal violence in a society. However, this study ought to be viewed with vigilance as there exists additional factors that may have influenced national crime rates simultaneously. Studies have confirmed that witnessing violence in news reporting promotes imitative, or impersonator, manners. There are countless sketchy reports of people imitating illusory violence. Regardless of the regularity of these alleged instances of a pollution of violence, however, there has been comparatively little research examining how news stories of aggressive events affect behavior. Studies prop up the perception of a corrupt effect, with some of the best evidence indicating that stories of a renowned persons suicide enhance the chances that other people will also take their own lives. Studies of music videos and music lyrics have shown that Music videos are also of concern because these videos are sometimes replete with violence. Those without open aggressive content often have rebellious overtones and music videos are extensively watched by adolescents. Violent video games have recently surpassed violent music videos and even violent TV as a matter of concern to parents and pol icymakers. There are several reasons for this. First, children are spending most of their time playing video games. Second, a greater part of these games hold violence. Third, children involved in these games are dynamic participants not observers; they are at better risk of becoming antagonistic themselves. The impact of publicity to violent video games has not been premeditated as expansively as the impact of exposure to TV or movie violence; nevertheless, generally speaking, the outcome reported for video games to date are related to those obtained in the investigations of TV and movie violence (Anderson Bushman, 2001). Studies of Internet participation assert that the fundamental hypothetical ideology pertaining to the effects of exposure to media violence should be relevant to Internet media. Up till now, there are no available studies that address how exposure to Web-based media violence affects aggressive and violent behavior, attitudes, values, and feelings. Nonetheless, because of the image and interactive nature of Web material, we anticipate the effects to be very parallel to those of other visual and interactive media. The Web materials with violence tend to be video games, film clips, and music videos, and there is no reason to believe that delivering these materials into the home via the Internet, rather than through other media, would reduce their effects. Neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists have discovered that the human mind often acts as an associative system in which ideas are to a degree activated (primed) by linked stimuli in the surroundings (Fiske Taylor, 1984). An encounter with some occurrence or stimulus can major, or trigger, correlated concepts and ideas in a persons memory even without the person being aware of this control. For example, exposure to violent scenes may activate a complex set of associations that are related to aggressive ideas or emotions, thereby momentarily escalating the convenience of aggressive opinions, approach, and scripts (including aggressive action tendencies). In other words, aggressive primes or cues make aggressive schemas more easily available for use in processing other incoming information, creating a temporary interpretational filter that biases subsequent perceptions. If these aggressive schemas are primed while certain events-such as ambiguous provocation-occur, the new events are more likely to be interpreted as involving aggression, thereby increasing the likelihood of an aggressive response. Priming effects related to aggression have been empirically established both for cues usually associated wi th violence, such as weapons (Anderson,Benjamin, Bartholow, 1998). For example, the  mere presence of a weapon within a persons visual field can increase aggressive thoughts and aggressive behavior. Priming effects are often seen as solely short-term influences. Except that research by cognitive and social-cognitive scientists has shown that recurring priming and use of a set of concepts or schemas in due course makes them persistently available. In essence, commonly primed aggression-related judgment, emotions, and behavioral scripts become routinely and continually accessible. That is, they become part of the ordinary interior state of the character, thereby escalating the possibility that any societal encounter will be interpreted in an aggression-biased technique, and hence increasing the likelihood of aggressive encounters all through the individuals life (e.g., Anderson Huesmann, 2003). In addition to that, media propagates arousal and excitement in youth. Media violence is exciting (arousing) for most youth. That is, it increases heart rate, the skins conductance of electricity, and other physiological indicators of arousal. There is verification that this arousal can inc rease aggression in two different ways. First, arousal, regardless of the reason for it, can rejuvenate or reinforce everything an individuals principal action propensity happens to be at the time. Thus, if a person is irritated or else instigated to aggress at the time increased arousal occurs, heightened aggression can result. For instance, if a person who is aroused misattributes his or her arousal to a provocation by someone else, the tendency to act uncompromisingly in reaction to that infuriation is amplified. This is because people tend to react more violently to provocations immediately after watching exciting movies than they do at other times. Researchers at the Indiana University School of Medicine reported in 2006 reported that brain scans of kids who played a violent video game showed an increase in emotional arousal, and a consequent decline of activity in brain areas involved in self-control, reticence and concentration. To date, however, there have been no conclusive studies linking video-game violence to aggressive behaviour in youths. Emotional desensitization is another effect of media on the youth. Emotional desensitization refers to a drop in distress-related physiological reactivity to observations or thoughts of violence. When people who watch a lot of media violence no longer respond with as much offensive physiological arousal as they did primarily. Because the unpleasant physiological arousal (or negative emotional reactions) usually related with violence has an inhibitory influence on thinking about violence, condoning violence, or behaving violently, emotional desensitization (that is., the decrease of th e unpleasant arousal) can result in a heightened probability of violent thoughts and behaviors (Huesmann et al., 2003). However not all youth are affected adversely by media. As a matter of fact, media has minimum effects on some youth. It all depends on several factors such as age, gender, characteristics of the aggressive performer, portrayed justification and penalty of the aggression, social environment like influence of culture, childrens access to media in the home, influence of neighborhood, influence of parents, and the persons moral principles. Theories put forward have shown that the media-violence effect is largest in the youngest age group (less than 5 years old). Even concise exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior on TV and in film caused temporary aggressive behaviour in youths. It should be noted that the principal effect was certainly aggression, and not violence. Fascinatingly enough, a study on New York youths found that exposure to media violence commencing at age 8 had a direct correspondence to aggressive performance a decade later in boys, but not in girls. Early studies in the United States and some studies in other countries found stronger relations between media-violence viewing and aggression for boys than for girls. Assertiveness and intelligence of the viewer also affect the extend of media influence. An aggressive youth will turn out to be more aggressive after watching a violent movie; also children of lower intellectual aptitude watch more television and see more television violence. Children and youth spend more time consuming entertainment media than engaging in any other activity besides school and sleeping. There have been recent efforts to reduce the harmful effects of media violence on youth have taken various forms, including attempting to reduce the amount of media violence and its convenience to the youth and children. Encouraging and facilitating parental monitoring of childrens media access, educating parents and children about the potential dangers of media violence and changing youths mode of thinking to reduce the chance that they will impersonate the violence they see. However, it is not clear that reducing exposure to media violence will reduce aggression and violence, it is less clear what sorts of interventions will produce a reduction in exposure. Some suggestions that counter attitudinal and parental-mediation interventions are likely to yield beneficial effects, but media literacy interventions by themselves are fruitless. In that case, meeting the larger societal challenge of providing children and youth with a much healthier media diet may prove to be more complicated and expensive, especially if the scientific, news, public policy, and entertainment communities fail to educate the general public about the real risks of media-violence exposure to children and youth. It should be renowned that real-world influences might diminish or abolish the aggression noted under experimental conditions. It is possible and even likely that study participants might react differently in the laboratory when they realize their aggression will not have any ne gative consequences or retribution. This has been a controversial issue whereby people have presented different views on whether media affects ones level of aggression and violence. Some claim that exposure to media violence causes children and youth to behave more aggressively and affects them as adults years later, while others argue that the scientific evidence simply does not show that watching violence either produces violence in people, or desensitizes them to it. Although media violence is particularly tough to characterize and evaluate, family attitudes and social category are stronger determinants of attitudes toward aggression than is the amount of disclosure to TV, which is all the same a significant but weaker predictor.

Internship in Public Relations Department of an Advertising Agency Essay

Section I Introduction 1.1 Background Internship is one of the essential parts required for the completion of MBA program. It is to provide first hand exposure to the students about the real work scenarios in business organizations. It allows students to imply their theoretical knowledge in the real workplace by enhancing their ability and confidence level in the dynamic business world. Besides, one of the objectives of this program is to enhance student’s interpersonal, communication, report writing skills as well as presentation skills and to understand different viewpoint of the staff and the customer of the organization. 1.2 Objective of the internship The objectives of my internship at Prisma Advertising agency are: To fulfill the requirement of MBA program of Pokhara University. To understand importance Public Relations in corporate world. To understand how public relations enhances brand image. To comprehend successful events. 1.3 Placement For the purpose of internship, the trainee was allowed to perform internship in the organization where she was actively working for past two years. The organization is an advertising agency named Prisma Advertising located in Kalikastha, Kathmandu. The internee had been working in Public Relations Department (PR) as an Executive. 1.4 Expected Learning Experiencing the real life working environment Expand the boundaries of theoretical learning Develop better public relation skills with media as well as in corporate sector Section II Industry and Organization Profile 2.1 Industry Profile There are no records of any kind that tell us about the origin and history of Nepali advertisements. The earliest form of advertising may thus be taken as the trumpet blowing tradition of kings and maharajas to disperse royal messages. The advent of Mass Communication in Nepal can be said to have been through such official proclamations, which were usually accompanied by the use of musical instruments like drums or trumpets. The age-old oral tradition of promotion by vendors selling their wares in the market can also be taken as another early form of advertising. With the national daily  Gorkhapatra churning out advertisements on a regular basis, the advertising sector caught momentum, and the next major development came in the form of an advertising agency, Laxman Upadhaya’s Nepal Advertisers. The main objective of the agency was to publish flashy and attractive advertisements in the print media. Three years later, following in the footsteps of Upadhaya, Keshav Lamichane started Nepal Printing and Advertising Agency owned by Keshav Lamichane. This agency held the accounts of prime clients like Janakpur Cigarette Factory, Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation and Nepal Bank Limited. 2.2 Prisma Advertising Profile Prisma Advertising is the franchisee of Mathew and Ogilvy in Nepal. It is one of the most creative agencies which established in 1991. It is a full service office with team of 47 people which has been growing as creative leader and 360 degree brand stewardship. It provides wide range of services from media, branding, and sales promotion to advertisement. They continuously thrive to provide creative products by giving a consumer touch to what they deliver, also offer fully integrated marketing communication solutions as well as focus on building brand relationship with the consumers. It has been awarded as The Best Agency of the Year 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07 & 2007-2008 (four years in a row). In addition to it also has won the only international advertising award for Nepal – â€Å"Bell Ringer 2000† from Johnson &Johnson, USA. Prisma approach to communication: These activities are part of the prisma advertisement agency which is provided to the clients according to the promotion they required for their products and services. 2.3 Importance of Public Relation Department Why does Brand or an Organization need a Public Relation Department? Unless one is a celebrity, good public relation just does not happen on its own. It takes lots of skill and consistent hard work, over a period of time. It’s part art, part science and when practiced correctly the results can be very rewarding. Here are few reasons why Public Relations is important: Media coverage increases credibility Paid advertising increases name recognition; media relations increases credibility. When people read a story about the excellence of a particular organization in a newspaper or see a story praising the company on television, they are much more likely to have a favorable opinion of that particular organization. Media coverage helps to attract â€Å"quality† prospects  Because a public relations increases credibility, it helps to attract those who want the best. When people have heard of the organization or brand and have a favorable impression of it, it is easier to attract and hold their attention while the organization or the brand tell their story. Media coverage makes you a player  Coverage in important publications or on TV can make the organization or brand look much larger than it is. Public relations help to avoid price competition  If people believe that the particular brand is the best, they will understand why it is worth paying the price. A public relations program stretches the marketing budget  Because the media does not charge for news coverage, the relative cost of a good program is a lot less than for paid media or a direct mail campaign. Best way to launch a brand  Public relations are also considered by many as the best way to launch a brand or new product. When something is new the media often will write about it because of its news value. Section III Critical Analysis of Job Performed 3.1 Function of Public Relation Department PR Department functions to maintain and enhance mutual understanding/relationship between its clients and public. The core responsibility of the PR Department is to build and protect the brand. PR communicates client’s views, objectives and purposes to the general mass and at the same time monitors feedback and correcting the public attitudes/ reactions. For this, department focuses on major areas: Crisis Management: To avoid any crisis and its adverse effects to its clients, the PR Department prepares press releases and makes them public through media vehicle. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Also known as corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business and corporate social performance that forms of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. To fulfill these responsibilities the company’s want to conduct events, and any such social events are organized for the client by this department. For example: charity program. Further, they also create social awareness for NGOs and INGOs and other organizations working for the welfare of the society at discount rates. Event Management: Various events such as press conference, product launching events etc. are organized either to provide new information or introduce a new product. In such events, various media houses, guests are invited and are provide with the press release which gives details about the event. Monitoring and tracking current scenario: Either it be country’s current happenings or competitor’s activities, PR Department tracks the entire essential data with the help of media and reports to the internal staff members as well as the client in daily basis as well as a monthly reports. 3.2 Activities Performed The internee was part of a PR Team and there were five members in this team. Public Relation Head, Senior Public Relation Supervisor, Copy Writer and PR Executives are the designations of this team. The internee was working under direct assistance of Senior Public Relation Supervisor. Each team members  had their specific task that they were assigned to and those were mentioned in their job description. Following were the job assigned to the intern. 1. Everyday internee had to make a daily update on country’s news update regarding political, business and social happenings and send it to the clients. 2. Track on competitor’s activities like press ad, news and send it to respective clients. 3. Make Share of Expense (SOE) respective to the competitor’s and send it to clients on monthly basis. 4. Make regular interactions with media as well as clients to enhance better public relation. 5. Make press releases, news articles on client’s activities and send it to media for the coverage. 6. Organized events like Press Conferences, Formal meetings with government bodies, and Cocktail parties as per the clients need. 7. Crisis management of the clients. Bajaj Pulsar 200 NS Launch, Coca-Cola Inter-School National Football Tournament, Coca-Cola ‘Live Positively ‘and Western Union’s collaboration with Mercy Corps to empower 1200 women to be financially literate were some of the major events organized as an internee under PR Department. The major task of the PR Department during these events was to highlight the program as much as possible with the help of media as well as word of mouth publicity. Few of the coverage of these events are attached below. Coverage of the Events Bajaj Pulsar 200 NS launch Coca-Cola Inter-School National Football Tournament Coca-Cola ‘Live Positively’ Western Union’s collaboration with Mercy Corps Activities Performed Working as an intern in PR Department, internee had to face several crisis situations where various brand reputation damaging news were covered by  newspapers and television. To tackle with those situations, crisis management was done. Few examples of Crisis Management are as follows: Nepal Samachar Patra and Sagarmatha Television were continuously showcasing various news regarding faulty products of Bottler’s Nepal Limited. To surpass those negative news, internee with the PR team had undergone the crisis management by flowing the positive news of the company in The Kathmandu Post. This is a technique where PR people do not counter the negative news directly but highlights the positive aspect of the company, person or the brand to put the positive news in the top of the publics mind. Negative News covered by Nepal Samachar Patra Positive News published in The Kathmandu Post 3.3 Public Relation Department Analysis As an internee under PR Department of an advertising agency, 3.4 Problem Identification and Solution Alternatives As every best effort does have a loop hole, PR Department also has to face certain problems at times.

THtruemilk

Vietnam Is gradually open the economy to well-come there of International trade, which create a great Incentive for any Industry, Including dairy Industry, to expand production, enhance competition and better benefit domestic as well as foreign consumers. Dairy products offered in Vietnam market today, for that reason, become various. HTH True milk, the young and potential producer in this industry, has been well-known as a domestic firm providing high-qualified dairy products with acceptable price.In the band new economy background, HTH True milk also cope with ever competition, but still not only survive but also continuously get further step In dominating the domestic market. Fresh milk Is one of HTH group's strategy, and an outstanding example of HTH true milk's success in term of market share as well. To clarify culprits for HTH true milk's prosper and also work out some suggestion for its further development, our group has managed to make some analysis of overall market, busine ss environment, brand, customers and competitor s as well as SOOT matrix applied for the company Itself.The marketing plan Is composed of 5 mall parts: Firstly, in the part of current marketing situation , market situation, product review, competitive review, distribution situation would be clarified. Secondly, SOOT analysis indicates strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities to help company see through where they are standing in the dairy market and make decision to deal with: capitalizing on strengths, overcoming weaknesses, maximizing opportunities, and eliminating any threats or turning them Into opportunities.In the next part, objectives and Issues would be mentioned. _ After that, marketing strategy including signposting, product, pricing and promotion strategy plus distribution strategy will be discussed. And based on the company's strategies, the action program is established II. HTH True milk was established In 2009 with the financial advisor of the Bank of North Sal sa commercial Joint stock.The True milk enters the mature dairy market and face with many veteran competitors. Figure: Vietnamese dairy revenue from 2004-2009(unit: billion VEND) (Source: Hauberk securities' annual report) Vietnam dairy Industry has experienced a significantly growing trend In revenue urine the period 2004-2009 as the sales doubled to VEND 8,503 billion In 2009 as compared to the figure of VEND,084 billion in 2004.This development attracted a lot of companies to invest in this potential market, forcing HTH true milk to involve in a great competition for survival. There are about 50 dairy companies in Vietnam, mostly small and medium sized companies. The biggest competitors are: Vanilla, Dutch Lady Vietnam, Nestle Vietnam, Nutrition, F & N Vietnam and Hangnails. However, the market Is very concentrated and 65% belong to 2 major manufacturers are Valhalla

Gender Development Biological, Interpersonal, Cultural...

There are many assumptions on how one develops a specific gender identity. These theories although very different, only explain a fraction of what gender development truly is. Not one theory can explain the ultimate reason of how one develops gender and what it means to be considered a part of the male or female sex. These different theories that will be compared in this paper complement each other by focusing solely on the interaction in terms of culture and communication within the different sexes. As the theories are discussed, one may come to realize how well they mend together while providing a descriptive reason on how people become gendered. There are four distinct types of gender development: biological, interpersonal, cultural and critical. All these aspects of gender development carry a number of theories within their category that help contribute to the process of becoming gendered. Although these theories are very different, they are also very similar in how they help cre ate an overall understanding of gender. The first theory that will be discussed will be that of the Biological Theory. This theory states that characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, and parts of the brain contribute to the difference between man and woman. Most males have an XY chromosome pattern and females usually have the XX chromosome pattern due to the fact that they get an X chromosome from each parent. As you know, estrogen is the primary female hormone. Estrogen strengthens theShow MoreRelatedGender Theory Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Gender Theory The textbook identifies four approaches to gender development: biological, interpersonal, cultural, and critical. Define each theory. Then answer the following question: which of the theoretical approaches to gender do you find the most valid? 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